Basic content

      Five-colored ceramic under Glair also known as kiln color, a kind of underglaze colour, produces after the blue and white glaze and is painted in a variety of colors under glaze, the color is rich and has a special artistic effect. In the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, a kind of underglaze three colors (red, blue, and blue), also is known as glaze three colors, of which red and blue are respectively colored with pigment of copper red and cobalt, and blue is bean green colored with iron oxide. The three colors are co-ordinated mutually to each other to make the color under glaze richer. Five colors under glaze is also developed on the basis of blue-and-white and underglaze red. From 1907 to 1908, Hunan Ceramics Industry School developed various underglaze pigments such as grass green, sea verdure, brilliant black, ochre and agate red. The master of painting from the Hunan Porcelain Manufacturing Company and the graduates from pottery class of the porcelain school have repeatedly developed and used homemade pigments under glaze , using double-drawing of Chinese painting by filling color with Fenshui water and “three-firing”method to produce a five-color porcelain under glaze. The method is to draw the pattern under the glaze or in the middle of the layer and finish after firing once at a high temperature. Its color is richer than blue-and-white, suitable for the decoration of "high-quality white glaze" products with thin body and high quality. Its color is transparent and elegant, the glazed surface is smooth and moist, and the pattern is lively and beautiful. The color under glaze is durable and free of lead poison, and never fades. Underglaze five-color porcelain with exquisite porcelain and painting is bright, elegant and unique, and color under the glaze is multiple which shows a vivid picture, it also has high artistic value and use value. From 1909 to 1911, underglaze five-color porcelain of Lilng was exhibited at Wuhan Quanye Association, Nanyang Quanye Association and Italy Dulang International Competition, and won the gold medal continuously, which makes Liling porcelain begin to be famous in China and go to the world. "White as jade, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, sound as a beggar" is a good evaluation that Liling Porcelain won at the time. It comprehensive applied a variety of painting methods. There are very few masters in the past dynasties because the underglaze five-color at high temperatures often changes and is not easy to mold by firing. After the 1950s, the development of five-color underglaze was faster, and the variety of colors increased to 12 kinds. On the one hand, it was used to decorate daily-use porcelain, and on other hand it was also used to decorate various art porcelains.

     Features of five-colored ceramic under Glair

     First, no lead poison, acid and alkali resistance, abrasion resistance, never fade. Base pigments of five colors underglaze are prepared by using metal oxides or their salts as colorants and mixing certain amount of silicate raw materials. Liling five colors under glaze does not contain lead poison. This kind of pigment does not like galze that use high-lead flux to assist color development and low the calcination temperature, but it need to be fired in high temperature at 1350-1400 °C to make the melt adheres to the molten glaze in a molten state. Some people mistakenly believe that colored porcelain under glaze of Liling is lead-free because the surface of the pigment is covered with high-temperature glaze, which blocks the discharge of toxic substances,which is attributed to that they are not familiar with the craftsmanship and technology of the colorful porcelain under the glaze. At the same time, the covered glaze layer can resist the erosion of natural acid and alkali and is resistant to wear and tear, and the color can keep clear, bright and bright permanently. Therefore, Liling five-color porcelain under glaze is an ideal "green" ceramic.

     Second: Color is rich, intense but not poor, quietly elegant and lifelike, which is the unique color effect of the underglaze multicolored porcelain. Liling five-color under glaze is a breakthrough development of traditional underglaze technology. Its color is extremely rich, covering almost all colors, and each color is also different due to the different production process and raw materials. The color after kiln change is more abundant. Therefore, the color of decoration composition underglaze is not be limited, the decorative techniques are more diverse, and the decorative effect is more colorful, which can express various effect of single color, and can also draw colorful patterns which is magnificent or elegant. The so-called "always charming with either light or heavy make-up."

     Third: the picture is bright and smooth, elegant and bright, crystal -clear and moist, with a full sense of moisture. Due to the special decorative techniques used in Liling five-color underglaze, such as double-drawing by filling color with Fenshui water, which made the color is flat and seamless, the color is transited naturally between strong and light, and the glaze layer after firing under high-temperature makes the picture flat and smooth, moist and radiant like jade. It gives people a feeling of moving in the silence, can see but not be touched, hides its pretty in beauty, flashes in light and shadow, and make the world amaze.

     Fourth, the decorative pattern is simple and with rigorous structure. From the history to the modern, the five-color porcelain of Liling under glaze the distinctive feature of its decorative composition is that its pattern is simple and the structure is simple. The formation of this feature is closely related to its unique double-drawing Fenshui coloured decoration technique. The most common technique in the five-color painting of Liling underglaze, like the traditional Chinese painting, that first outlines the lineament with lines, and then fills the color with the Fenshui method (also called water-filling method), and Fenshui does not only require the color to be flat, but also to choose a variety of layers, using various techniques such as color-covering and color-matching, so that the pattern presents a rich color tone, which requires the operator to have considerable line skills and superb color-filling skills. Concise composition and rigorous structure are the basic conditions for realizing this ideal decorative effect.

   Five-colored ceramic under Glair is the most beautiful and healthy environmentally friendly porcelain that has been using by Chairman Mao and the central leadership and the Great Hall of the People since 1958. This is not only attributed to that Chairman Mao likes porcelain in his hometown, but also attributed to that the five-color porcelain under glaze is durable and meets the requirements of health and environmental protection. The main reason is that the paint of the flower drew is under the glaze and will not throw out any toxic elements to damage human health. The pigments of five-color porcelain under glazed are made of rare minerals and can withstand 1400 degrees of high temperature, and color development not require any adjuvant at 1400 degrees high temperature is the most beautiful, so it can only be drawn under the glaze. The pigments of beautifully ordinary porcelain that you usually see can only withstand temperature of hundreds of degrees, and rely on other adjuvants to develop color, so it is decided that it can only be done on the glaze, which determines that it can not block the eruption of harmful elements which is poisonous.